Discuss the role of social medias influence (Twitter, Facebook, and Essay - 2

Examine the job of social medias impact (Twitter, Facebook, and Youtube) in the lives of kids and youthful adolescents today - Essay Example The AACAP states that â€Å"60% of 13 to 17 years of age have in any event one profile on a person to person communication site† (Aacap 1). Interpersonal interaction sites have a few highlights and one of the most significant highlights is news and data. Data accessible on these sites incorporates scholastic related data just as news with respect to recent developments (Strader 98). At the point when kids get to these highlights they wind up creating understanding with respect to what's going on in their general surroundings. This element even encourages them in learning more than what is offered at schools. Web-based social networking is in any event, helping kids create and support social connections. Web based life, for example, Facebook permits kids to discuss online with others including kids from their own schools. OKeeffe states that â€Å"social media permit teenagers to achieve different errands incorporating remaining associated with friends† (OKeeffe 1). This helps kids in staying in steady contact with companions consistently. This expansion in time went through with companions even prompts increment in the supporting of associations with people who exist in the virtual just as the physical world. Online networking is in any event, helping kids in keeping themselves engaged. Online networking, for example, YouTube permits youngsters to share pictures, recordings, music and tasks with other internet based life clients (Harlen 122). YouTube helps kids in finding their main tunes and motion pictures and kids get to these engaging components to keep themselves occupied and engaged. Kids even offer their own recordings and tunes over YouTube to communicate before other online networking clients. OKeeffe states that web based life helps in the â€Å"enhancement of individual and aggregate inventiveness through turn of events and sharing of creative and melodic endeavors† (OKeeffe 1). There are

Context of Corporate Finance and Profit Maximization †Free Samples

Question: Talk about the Context of Corporate Finance and Ethics. Answer: Presentation With regards to corporate fund, a companys achievement is estimated by the investors riches. It has increased principal significance in the present situation as it prompts altruism of the association. The degree to which the investors are improved is regularly named as investor esteem amplification. In direct terms it alludes to the profits paid to the investors and the capital gratefulness, yet in a roundabout way it includes a ton of elements like administration activities and vital examination on zones like expense of capital, and so forth that demonstrates the sums the investors would have earned in the event that they had themselves put the sums in resources bearing comparative dangers. Along these lines, partners are essentially worried about the association that gives an enormous riches boost (Hemmer Labro, 2008). As the degree of rivalry is expanding on one hand and the essentialness on investor esteem boost is featured, then again, it is getting progressively hard for organi zations to work both suitable and morally. Here comes the differentiation between progressing nicely and doing great. As the drive for quick cash has prompted various corporate tricks, different laws and guidelines have been acquainted during the ongoing years with guarantee the moral execution of the corporate houses. Every once in a while there have been embarrassments that have shocked the corporate field and such issues happened either because of the defects in the moral gauges or because of the desire for the making of riches. It has been noticed that the desire for the production of riches prompts decay of administration and more accentuation is done on the idea of cash making (Benabou Tirole, 2010). These contentions are examined with the assistance of cases and circumstances of moral situation looked by organizations. It is, along these lines, basic that the organization must work in a way that makes investor riches and cares for the morals as well. Is Value Maximization constantly moral? The prime objective of the administration is to expand the benefit by expansion of benefits. Riches augmentation of the investor and benefit amplification must go connected at the hip. The conversation from the past demonstrates that the supervisor ought to contain monstrous consideration on the investor riches augmentation. It is significant for the firm to engage the clients, providers and different partners as though it neglects to make a stride in such manner then it may bomb in the endeavor. Worth amplification must be worried upon with massive worry as it produces altruism for the business and prompts benefits over some stretch of time (Carol et. al, 2016). While most organizations run organizations morally, there are a couple of others that hotel to untrustworthy practices. In the desire of making of riches, numerous enterprises attempt to break the moral ground. There have been numerous cases when the organizations attempted to break their moral remain to procure riches. Be that as it may, the equivalent can't be considered as moral. The line between doing gainful business and doing moral business is extremely slim, the line at times gets crossed by organizations in their endeavors to augment benefits (Patterson, 2000). A CEOs work is to amplify the income streams for investors requesting better yield on Investment however again the harmony between the expense of pushing for benefits and being a moral association must be gauged. With the expanding straightforwardness, investors are getting progressively learned towards the moral contemplations of the organizations. Over the long haul, it tends to be seen that most gainful organization s have run on moral works on during their early stages (Paradise Rogoff, 2009). Consequently morals have a basic impact and for the most part make a positive picture and notoriety for the organization. An organization that runs the procedure on a moral ground assists with gaining a positive picture and pulls in the partners. Investor riches gets augmented naturally as financial specialists wish to put resources into such organizations. The quantity of partners related with the organization gives an impression of the riches expansion of the organization (Bhattacharya Sen, 2010). Hence it tends to be reasoned that because of organizations turning to untrustworthy practices, investor riches augmentation isn't constantly moral, organizations depending on moral practices have a more drawn out remaining than unscrupulous organizations. Most importantly esteem augmentation isn't constantly moral however there are moral methods of accomplishing esteem boost in the useful sense. Thus, it is the obligation of the supervisors to drive the organization in the right way and make a circumstance that will assist with conveying according to the forecast. Riches expansion must be the target yet ought not be done at the expense of different variables. The supervisors must guarantee execution of solid moral principles that helps in making a positive domain where the activities are in order to the administrative system (Kruger, 2015). It assists with boosting riches and even serves the partners on the loose. Strife between progressing nicely and doing great Doing great demonstrates that the organization is acting in accordance with the pertinent laws and guidelines with sufficient expert information, experience, and skill. The open will acknowledge this work because of high caliber and greatness. Money related contemplations are high and investor gains are additionally apparent. In this way, doing great is a positive situation for the organization as it demonstrates a solid exhibition. Doing great need not be consistently for money related thought as the goal to profit the general public and the network everywhere assumes an essential position. The aims are honorable with a thought process to fix things in the general public (Edwards, 2015). In this manner there is more spotlight on corporate social obligation and feasible business wherein benefit intention isn't essential. In this manner the contention here is that benefit is the essential intention in progressing nicely though administration is the essential thought process in doing great. Clashes emerge in strategic policies that are focused on benefit expansion. It is tied in with bringing in cash and rolling out an improvement in the general public. The exchange offs and battles between progressing admirably and doing great need to be gauged (Rebel, 2016). The interests are not the equivalent in the two cases, making it hard to confront the difficulties that lie ahead. It is an examination between socially capable associations and a couple of reckless ones (Albuquerque et. al, 2013). It is additionally like the examination between the benefit setting choices and expectations of social changes. Amidst these contentions, the present and pragmatic situation is characteristic that business sectors are having a critical task to carry out in the social change. There is no limit for expanding the bliss or prosperity of the people in the general public, yet giving a fundamental least pay level in accordance with the expanding expansion and general value record should be the intention in both the cases. In this way there are clashes between progressing admirably and doing great regarding the manner in which organizations are run and various benefits created. Government guidelines tilting towards Doing Good if there should be an occurrence of Conflicts An organization is a different lawful element and the leading body of the board is a working body delegated by the investors for taking care of the everyday undertakings of the business. Be that as it may, with the expanding eagerness of the Board and investors, organizations have turned to deceitful and ill-conceived methods of gaining quick cash which has offered ascend to a couple of significant enactments; the most explicit ones are the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and Dodd-Frank Act (Blokhin, 2015). With the due section of time, there has been a colossal change in the moral standard of the organization and this has been finished thinking about the target of riches amplification. In this way, rules and guidelines have been confined with the goal that the financial specialists are not tricked. Sarbanes-Oxley Act was spent in the year 2002 to shield the financial specialists from deceitful bookkeeping and detailing by enterprises. There are severe commands regarding money related divulgences and sufficiency of interior controls. The executives confirmations are gotten on every single huge territory like the precision of fiscal summaries in this manner fortifying the corporate oversight. Speculators need to realize that the money related data they are depending upon is honest and confirmed by free outsiders. Divulgences identifying with shaky sheet things and commitments, huge money related issues are additionally set up (Rebel, 2016). There are expensive ramifications like punishments as fines and furthermore detainment for the infringement. Sarbanes-Oxley Act was a significant milestone and it came into activity after a not insignificant rundown of outrages (Kacperczyk, 2009). It worries to give a lift to the review boards of trustees, the foundation of interior control te sts, fiscal report precision, and so on. Further, it stresses punishments with regards to extortion and even gives how the organizations ought to work. The principle worry of the demonstration is to fortify the review board of trustees and changes the monetary situation fundamentally. Dodd-Frank Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act was instituted in the year 2010. The incredible downturn prompted money related misfortunes and dangerous market execution. The Act intended to make budgetary frameworks progressively responsible and straightforward, to keep foundations from getting too large to come up short and to end the legislature bailouts supported by citizens and to end the unsafe and harsh money related practices (Mangena, 2007). There are observing and rebuilding of organizations that have gotten monetarily unsafe or frail. Along these lines the effectiveness and exactness of organizations are improved. It very well may be along these lines seen that in both these guidelines required arrangements regarding moral business, budgetary straightforwardness and exposures are sanctioned and there are severe arrangements on infringement of the equivalent. Benefit boost isn't the rationale of these demonstrations and in this way it is tilted tow

The Story of Tonight

The Story of Tonight Satisfied It hit me just a little while ago, that today is November 1st. Its been exactly two years since I pressed the submit button on my MIT application. In the span of a lifetime, two years is really not that long. And yet here I am, struggling to remember just exactly where I was 2 years ago.  I have other things on my mind. The thermodynamics midterm next week. The mini prep and plate replications I have to do in lab tomorrow. The list of internship applications I need to fill out. The morning alarm clock that will pull me out of bed with only five hours of sleep. Im stuck in between the lines of my to-do list. In between my hour-by-hour schedule. But today is November 1st. Its been exactly two years since I pressed the submit button on my MIT application. Its also been exactly one week since I watched Hamilton on tour. An entire week of attempting to do justice to one of the most beautiful productions of theatre. Of writing and editing and deleting. And writing again. The only way to really describe the experience of watching Hamilton is to compare it to finishing a really good book. The lights begin to dim. The background music picks up. The spotlight sharply points to the set. The hall goes silent as hundreds of individual breaths are held in still air. One last moment to yourself before youre pulled out of your seat into a three hour hullabaloo of interminable giggling, under breath singing, rhythmic stomping, loud chuckling and silent sobbing. You spend hours indulged into it. Reality and fiction become a big blur. You start to see things through the eyes of the characters. You smile when they smile, cry when they cry. And through it all you learn a little bit more about the world around you. The world in you. An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next And then you make it to the last page of the novel. The last song. The last sentence. The last lyric. And then it’s over. You don’t know what to do with yourself anymore.  And so you do the two things you can do: listen to the playlist on repeat and attempt to make sense of it all by writing a blog post. So here it goes.     Satisfied As I made way to my seat, the air buzzed with a refreshing sense of anticipation and excitement. I took a look around at the sea of people brought together on a mundane Thursday night. It hit me then, in that very moment, that I had zero clue as to what to expect. I  had never listened to the Hamilton soundtrack in its entirety. I knew as much about Alexander as AP US History teaches. And well, it looked like everyone around me was better equipped going in. My friends tell me that I had the better experience because of it. I was experiencing everything for the first time in the most unguided way possible. I shimmied along with King George. I sang along to Dear Theodosia. I laughed along with Thomas Jefferson. I felt the need to jump out of my seat for Hamilton. I cried MULTIPLE TIMES. And to be honest, it was refreshing. It made me feel a bit more human. Senior year, my life mantra was when was the last time you did something for the first time? Theres just something about experiencing something new. Something different. Perhaps its the realization that those experiences make you a different person. That they pick you off of your feet and gently drop you a few steps ahead. And even if its in the smallest of ways, youve changed because of it. And change keeps life interesting. I needed a reminder of that. Raise Your Glass To Freedom Sophomore year has been hard. Its been challenging in ways freshman-year Afeefah didnt think possible. Its become a routine of going to bed incredibly late. Of waking up early. Of starting my day by making a list for the rest of the day. Because suddenly, things seems to be moving faster than I can keep up with. It feels like I dont have enough time to get all the things I want to get done. And so I make a list. Because making a list is the first step to optimization? Right? But sometimes things cant be planned. Because spontaneity is good. And stepping away from campus and taking an Uber down to the Boston Opera House and spending three hours of your life sitting in a theatre, followed by an hour of stage dooring in the cold is an experience that cant be written down. It required throwing psets aside for later and sacrificing a few hours of sleep. It required going with the flow. It required putting my phone aside so that I constantly didnt check time. To a certain extent, Ive become a prisoner to my attempt to become more systematic and more disciplined. And in doing so, Ive forgotten the importance of balance. Of sometimes stepping away from work. Of leaving campus for a while. Of temporarily freeing myself from the interminable responsibilities and tasks I have. Because life isnt meant to be reduced to a list of things to do. Not Gonna Throw Away My Shot In the midst of all of this, I often forget where I am in life. That at some point, Ill look back at these four years. And Ill think about how they changed me. Hopefully for the better. Sometimes, in the moment, we get so focused on the struggles we face. That we forget what were struggling for in the first place. I havent had a single midterm go well this semester. And if anything its broken my self esteem into millions of little pieces. Its left me young, scrappy, and hungry. There have been too many nights of going to bed feeling defeated. Of waking up in the morning feeling drained and tired from constantly trying and not meeting my self expectations. It hits me though, in small doses, that this is my shot. My shot to do something with myself. To become a better version of myself. To shape tomorrow in whatever way I choose. To do something for others. And every day is a new shot. A new chance to wake up excited in the morning. To learn from the people around me. To meet someone new. To foster new friendships. To create storylines and memory pipelines for a lifetime. Its been two years since my journey with MIT began. Since a poster on my wall suddenly became my everyday reality. Im still not sure why Im here. I still wonder to myself what part of me someone else loved enough to let me in. Because to be honest, Im at a point in my life where I really dont know who I am. I dont know what my strengths and weaknesses are. I dont know what my selling point is. But I guess thats the fun of it. Not knowing where Im headed, but knowing that I am blessed and fortunate enough to have shots in the first place. Youll Blow Us All Away Someday, someday. When I look back at senior year, there are many people that come to mind. My parents, who listened to my constant complaining. Who gave me the space I needed when I was swamped with work. Who would bring food to me when I refused to get up to go eat. Who stood with me in moments of success and sat with me in moments of tears. Who constantly reminded me that I didnt need to prove myself to anyone. My brother, who always made sure I blew off steam. Who was the comic relief in months of overwhelming stress and essay writing. My grandparents, my aunts, my uncles, my cousins, who were always a FaceTime call away. Who were a world separate from the encompassing universe of college applications. My  teachers, whose doors were always open after school. Who read over my essays over and over again with patience. Who supported me to the very last minute. My college counselor, who sat with me the evening before my MIT interview to run through a mock. Who assured me, when I was stressed out of m y mind, that all I had to do was believe in the person I was. My friends, who had their own essays to write, and yet would help edit mine. Who were constant reminders of the fleeting nature of senior year. I like to think about all of these people frequently. Because it really does take a village to raise a child.  And if I am where I am in life today, I choose to believe that its in majority due to the people I have been fortunate enough to have in my life. Thinking about those people gives me motivation when I feel like I have none left. And if I keep working at, maybe someday, someday. I might just blow them all away. Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Tells Your Story Watching Hamilton was an affirmation of just how much I love biographies. I love watching them. I love reading them. I love being able to see what a person starts off as and what they ultimately become. To trace back the story of their life. The real beauty comes in realizing that every day is another page of our own personal biography. That were all in the process of writing one bit by bit. And sure, it might not make it to the bookshelves years from now. But that doesnt matter. Because biographies are powerful regardless. Because every second of the day directs our story forward. And as we write our biographies, we dont know where the plot is headed. To a certain extent, life may be writing huge chunks of the biography for us. But you ultimately get to dictate how its told. And thats pretty empowering. And I guess thats my new goal. To take every moment as another addition to the story of me. And perhaps whats even more appealing is being able to look back at the story youve written so far. To think that senior-year Afeefah couldnt possibly have comprehended being in Boston a short two years later. And to think that I now have 19 years of life to look back at. 19 years to be proud of. And that day by day my biography only moves forward. To those currently submerged in college applications, a few things to remember: Seek new experiences. Take breaks. Be spontaneous. Appreciate the people in your life. And most of all enjoy it all. Youre in the process of writing a new chapter for your biography. And when you feel ready for it, consider reading it out loud. Id love to hear all about it. Post Tagged #Applying #Broadway #Deep Breaths #Hamilton #November First #Writing Your Biography

Analysis Of The Great Gatsby - 1526 Words

Final Essay Prompts Write a 750 word essay in response to one of the following prompts. Be sure to include at least three quotes from the texts. 1. The American Dream--as it arose in the Colonial period and developed in the nineteenth century--was based on the assumption that each person, no matter what his or her origins, could succeed in life on the sole basis of his or her own skill and effort. The Great Gatsby is a novel about what happened to the American dream in the 1920s, a period when the old values that gave substance to the dream had been corrupted by the vulgar pursuit of wealth. What Fitzgerald seems to be criticizing in The Great Gatsby is not the American Dream itself but the corruption of the American Dream. What was†¦show more content†¦3. The â€Å"upper classes lack of integrity† is one of the prominent themes throughout the novel. Sometimes Fitzgerald uses the word â€Å"careless† to sum up this important idea in the book. Nick refers to Jordan, Tom, and Daisy as careless in one form or another. Their actions are careless and they are careless people. This is due to the ease of their life. These people live the decadent life of the roaring twenties that many of the writers of this era were criticizing. The mindless, indulgent, irresponsible lifestyle where consequence is just an afterthought. Fitzgerald uses these characters to expose this life with their selfish actions. It has been said that this is a statement of the moral differences in the social classes. Fitzgerald’s story shows the clear delineations between different social/economic classes: new money/ old money, â€Å"the haves†/ â€Å"the have-nots.† How are readers to interpret his comments on each of these groups? Does he hold any one group above the other? Are there ways in which people of all groups are alike? How are these ideas shown in the text? Answer yes or no to the questions with an explanation. Do some brainstorming of these questions. Think about the prompt. What do you want to write about? Spend more than a few minutes with each prompt. Mackenzie White English 3 honors Ms. Maggert The Great Gatsby In life we are all ranked in social and economical classes, meaning we are onShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby Analysis1274 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough the timeline is kept vague in The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald makes it clear that his work of art is based in the early 1920’s between World War I and the Prohibition. This was a transitional period in the United States. America changed after the war and as a result, so did life. The idea of the perfect life fluctuated as troops began flooding back to the United States, migrating to cities, picking up jobs, and buying houses for their new or planned families. The economy was boomingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Great Gatsby 857 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 3 3 February, 2016 The Great Gatsby Character Analysis Essay: Jay Gatsby â€Å"It is easier to live through someone else’s existence than to complete yourself. The freedom to lead and plan your own life is frightening if you have never faced it before. It is frightening when a man finally realizes that there is no answer to the question who am I except the voice inside himself.† (Betty Friedan). If the name â€Å"Gatsby† was fraudulent, then perhaps the description â€Å"great† in the title of the bookRead MoreGreat Gatsby Analysis1551 Words   |  7 PagesSmithley Vil Mr.Haughey World Literature 10 October 2012 Gatsby Analysis Isolation is a significant and recurring theme throughout the novel â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, that has had a great impact on its characters. A few in particular are Nick Carraway, Daisy Buchanan, and â€Å"Jay Gatsby†. Nick who appears to be everyone’s closest friend and confidante when he is really the most alienated character in the novel. Daisy Buchanan who feels alone and ignored, even while married, withRead MoreThe Great Gatsby Analysis5626 Words   |  23 PagesIntroduction â€Å"The Great Gatsby†Ã‚  is a  novel  by the  American  author  F. Scott Fitzgerald. First published in 1925, it is set on  Long Islands  North Shore  and in  New York City  from spring to autumn of 1922. The novel takes place following the  First World War. American society enjoyed prosperity during the â€Å"roaring†Ã‚  as the economy soared. At the sameRead MoreThe Great Gatsby Written Analysis876 Words   |  4 Pages Gatsby is Whipped (An Analysis of The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald) F. Scott Fitzgerald is arguably one of the greatest writers to ever come to earth. In the 20th century, he wrote far beyond his time, and wrote about topics that others were afraid to bring up. â€Å"Genius is the ability to put into effect what is on your mind.† (Fitzgerald) One of his better known novels, The Great Gatsby, brings up several diverse and arguable topics, but also presents many messages too. The threeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Great Gatsby 839 Words   |  4 PagesMia Mooko AP Lang. Summer Assignment 30 July 2016 The Great Gatsby Section One: 1. By the third paragraph of the third chapter, verb tense changes. What is the effect of this change, or what do you think it s purpose is? When describing Gatsby s parties, Fitzgerald switches from past to present tense not only to make the reader feel as if they are engulfed in the festivities, but to also emphasize the repetitiveness and predictability of his parties. By using present tense, the readerRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Great Gatsby 1490 Words   |  6 PagesJaylinn Cooper Mrs. Fowler English III March 3, 2017 Literary Analysis of The Great Gatsby The 1920s in America, known as the Roaring Twenties, was a time of celebration after a destructive war. It was a period of time in America characterised by prosperity and optimism. There was a general feeling of disruption associated with modernity and a break with traditions.The Roaring Twenties was a time of great economic prosperity and many people became rich and wealthy. Some people inherited oldRead MoreThe Great Gatsby Book Analysis1016 Words   |  5 Pagesthoughts by expanding my knowledge on deeper meanings and symbolism in literature. Before reading The Great Gatsby, it was just a book about a man who had great wealth and threw many extravagant parties to get the attention of a woman named Daisy Buchanan. After further analysis, I discovered there was a deeper meaning to almost everything that I had read. The whole plot of the book The Great Gatsby has an entire different meaning if you look past the surface of the book. Throughout this story youRead MoreAnalysis Of Money In The Great Gatsby1111 Words   |  5 Pages(Literary analysis on The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald) Gold diggers are commonly known as women that only go after a guy because of the money that he has. The said women doesn’t even need to love the man just to have the money is enough to keep her around on him. Often times there is a man that really does like this lady, but because he doesn’t have money he never gets with her. What if this man without the money decide he would do anything to get money to impress the girl. The Great Gatsby byRead MoreThe Great Gatsby Character Analysis956 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book, The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, there is a strong message about the social class systems about the societies that exists between them. First, there are people like the Buchanans and Jordan Baker who were born into wealth and never really had to work for their money. Secondly, The new money people who can never really be like them, inherently because they have had to work for their money and sometimes finding it had been rough while doing so. (Houghton Mifflin) In

Industrial/Organizational Psychology Paper - 794 Words

Are you fit to be an Industrial or Organizational Psychologist? Most would say yes in a heartbeat Industrial psychologists associate themselves with people in the workplace. Industrial psychology is often called personnel psychology, which is directly related to the field also known as organizational psychology. Usually industrial psychologists evaluate the differences between individual workers and also individual jobs. Organizational psychologists normally seek the understanding of how workers function in an organization and also the role of the organization in society. What is Organizational/ Industrial Psychology Organizational/ Industrial Psychology is the study of activities in work environment. Industrial and Organizational†¦show more content†¦The Evolution of Organizational/ Industrial Psychology I/O psychology is a fairly new field in the world of psychology. Industrial Psychology didn’t become fully functional until the late 1920s. Prior to the late 1920s, several individuals had started to improve the workplace. Differential psychology, which became known during WW I, was the root of improving the workplace. It paid close attention in on how people are different but was not very successful in helping with ones job. The second idea was experimental psychology. This branch attempted to treat everyone as the same and tried to define laws in how people are similar. It also failed. . The third idea was scientific management (Newman, B. M. (2006). This was the idea that there is only one best way to perform a job. It was based on the fact that money is an incentive and left out the idea of job satisfaction. The last factor that helped I/O psychology become famous was the human relations movement. This particular movement wanted to keep people happy through motivation along with job satisfaction (Passer, Smith 2005). It also led to the Hawthorne Studies, which was the true start of I/O psychology. Elton Mayo at the Western Electric Company started the Hawthorne Studies from about 1927-1932. Several things that came about during this study was that a work environment must be seen as a social organization not just a productive organization, this would include making decisions toShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Psychology Paper Psy 428924 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Psychology Paper Shanna Brookins PSY/428 12/12/2011 Organizational Psychology Paper Introduction Organizational psychology is the study of a formal organization and how individuals and groups act within that organization; in other words, the scientific study of the workplace. The goal of organizational psychology is to help organizations function the best way possible. This is achieved by helping people understand their interactions with each other and create an environmentRead MoreI/O Psychology Paper788 Words   |  4 PagesIndustrial/Organizational Psychology Pamela Groves PSY/435 January 7, 2012 Frank Del Grosso Jr. Industrial/Organizational Psychology The paper will examine the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology, and how industrial/organizational psychology is different from other disciplines in psychology. Industrial/organization psychology can be used in organizations and it focuses on the employees performance and how to make it better. The report will include the role of researchRead MoreIn society jobs are very important to the communitiy .Jobs are nessary to obtain a society and800 Words   |  4 Pageslook at Industrial organizational psychology to a specific job we muse ananlysis a specific job in a particular work organization. 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I feel like it is more beneficial to me to ask clarifying and probing questions; to be content with the state of a problem is to stop looking for more. In a career setting, I recognize the importance of research to a psychology graduate program. Graduate school is centered around a large-scale research project.Read MoreHuman Resource Management And Organizational Success1516 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The author’s purpose for this paper is to broaden the readers understanding of the role human resource management plays within the context of both employee and organizational success. This paper begins with a look at the historical roots that lay the foundation for the growing need of human resource management (HRM). Some histories believe that HRM can be traced back to medieval times while other argue that human resources functions were not clearly grouped together and identified until

Challenges Faced by the Steel Industry Free Essays

Challenges faced by the steel industry Introduction3 Challenges faced by the steel industry3 Conclusion13 Work cited During the 1950s,the European steel market, steel production and import unrelentingly augmented. This created surplus provisions on the promotion of the Six. Due to this, there was deterioration of the market together with its selling value. We will write a custom essay sample on Challenges Faced by the Steel Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now This drop continued as a result of antagonism from inexpensive introductions from eastern nations. Therefore, the European steel industry was actually positioned at a drawback for the reason that its cost prices were higher than those of its contestants (Steel Industry and the Environment p. 1). Consequently, there was a proposal from the High Authority that there should be limitations in the import steel from third countries and also increase in the convention tariff by a certain percentage. This proposal brought concern to the European administration and industry, which feared that their operating associates would take castigatory procedures. In the year 1963, the High power, during the reign of the Italian President Dino Del Bo, there was a proposal of the ordinary viable guiding principle. On the other hand, the administrations differed on the concern that, the level of fortification was only afforded for by the ordinary exterior tariff (Steel Industry and the Environment p. 1). Therefore, the High power made use of its authorities in order for there to be adoption of a number of proposals which included, the mandatory where there was concern of there aspirations. Though there was a suggestion of an option in regard to the means of achieving the aims. This offered an invitation to the administrations in order for there to be a set up of tangential fortification at a level which is at a minimum height of 9 %. This was, at an instance where there was a requirement by Italy. This was later followed by the French Government criticism that the alternative had been made to the supranational technique, though this was the only available alternative despite the divergence amid the administrations. In the end, there was a challenge by the role of the High Authority, by numerous administrations, which turned to be a question once again (The European Steel Industry p. 6). The encouraging substance outcome attained during 2004 by the steel mills are still being working out their optimistic impact on the in general movement of this commerce throughout the first half of 2005. There has been a great cover on the stipulation for the steel inventions on the entire manufacture of the first section regardless of the increase in the quantity of mills. Therefore, there has been augmentation in their production, which in turn will offer response to the promotion necessities that have confirmed a stipulation in the expansion, even though this has emerged lethargic in some areas and burly in others (The European Steel Industry p. 6). The Arab area was possibly among those main sections, which have observed an augment in manufacture of, and also stipulation for the steel products throughout the first quarter of this year. In most it has been made known that the construction statistics of the most prolific nations in the Arab region have exposed an augment in the production expansion speed of extended and level manufactures. According to the predictions of the International Iron and Steel Institute (IISI) the global stipulation for the steel creations there was an observed growth of 3. 7% throughout the year of 2005. Therefore, there is an expected increase in the demand by the IISI that the stipulation will surpass one billion tons for the first time that is up by 36 million tons in comparison to 2004 (Challenges and Opportunities of Steel industry . . 1). According to Areclor, which is the largest steel manufacturer globally, there has been a contradiction in the views expressed by number of companies in the decision making in the reduction of their own production due to the slowdown in the demand and also in the maintenance of the supply or stipulation demand. All this is in spite of the growth of t he statistics, which point out to the augmentation in stipulation and an increase in the production in a number of regions in the globe (â€Å"Analysis of economic indicators of the EU metals industry p. 1). This has led to the declaration that there will be reduction in the manufacture of even formations by a number of tons in the first half of that year due to the low stipulation in the promotion of the European Union. Although, this decrease unreservedly aspires at offering support to the advertising costs that the company has already publicized. This has clinched an augmentation of Euro 15/ton effectual early in the second quarter. The second largest steel producer, â€Å"Mittal Steel†, provided some analysis that opted to taking comparable applications to that of Arcelor (â€Å"Analysis of economic indicators of the EU metals industry p. ) This offered assistance in the reduction of the creations within the perception of the requirement of upholding the provisions and stipulation stability of sustaining the values at the cost of measure. Therefore, that is what the steel industries have been determined to attain in 2005, particularly after the augmentations that took place i n the prices of the raw substance. Particularly, the iron ore industry, which had indentures concluded in the year 2005 with an augment of up to 71. 5% over the stage of preceding year. There may be an illustration to a new path for this steel manufacturing during this year (The European Steel Industry p. 6). Therefore, this tendency of the modifications observed by the global steel markets, which are determined in the light of the promotion actions and through the proposals which were being taken by the main corporations. This controlled the majority of the steel production internationally, which may depict a new path for this production during that year. This track was set as a foundation on viewpoint punctuality from, sustaining value at the cost of measure. Therefore, this may somehow or one more, signify that the steel cost will keep on going in the same drift observed by the steel creations during 2004 in addition to the first quarter of 2005, to be precise, the increasing tendency of prices. Therefore, this may lead to the increase on the complexities facing the steel customers in a number of the main overwhelming segments at the front of which are the sectors of building, manufacturing productions and cylinders and conduit manufacturing (The European Steel Industry p. ). The Arab steel manufacturing saw an apparent enlargement throughout the year 2004 and early 2005. Therefore, this development is symbolized in escalating the manufacture, which had a powerful justification in entering into indenture on the measure manufactured throughout the first quarter and measures of some fractions of that year. There must be a stimulation of the necessity of making as a severe review of the situation of the markets as to take into deliberation of the well-matched provisions and stipulations. This is all in order to shun any saturation under the force of the requirements of manufacturers for there to be an augmentation in the production which may result in a turn down in cost and materialization of the price antagonism in the promotions. Despite, there was a hold back, which commenced to come into continuation for a number of steel creations in a number of promotions (The European Steel Industry p. 8). The monetary recuperation experienced by most Arab promotions because of the high gas and oil costs comprised an encouragement to the surroundings for the affluence of the preponderance of the other different divisions. This led to the prevention of the quick appearance of the holding back circumstances of stipulation in some intense segments. Nevertheless, this delay came into continuation when the steel overwhelming segments became powerless in the take up of the sustained augment in the cost of the produces, which may enlarge into a higher enlargement in the prospect (The European Steel Industry p. 8). The increase observed in the steel costs, which were further than many prospects, stand in itself occasions and confronts. These occasions were to be made use of, hence requiring that the confrontations should have been examined that the steel manufacturers will be required to maintain the explosion, which it has observed. This detonation was given a productive suggestion in the enhanced circumstances of the steel industries, which have also offered contribution to inspiration of the expansion procedures of the steel manufacturing. This is only achieved by having reflections of coming up with a number of many innovative developments (The European Steel Industry p. 6. ). Privatization of the European steel manufacturing has made a significant move in the direction of a more competent manufacturing organization. The major confrontation of the industry is the post-privatization and is required to convene the prospect of the industry’s innovative stakeholders. This is in different to the administrations, classified shareholders who in turn have different or even more monetarily familiarized objectives. Those industries that are possessed by the state have more focus on the maintenance of the production volume in order to secure jobs rather than on their end product presentation. Differently in the case of the private shareholder, there is more focus on the average return, which implies that there is a look into the enjoyment of the price of the share together with its bonuses. This takes place over a given period of time in order for they’re to be an evaluation of the presentation of the reserves of the steel markets (Directorate Science, Technology And Industry p. 2). . More and more, the European steel market is required to have an international competition with other different segments in the steel industry for capital to investment prospects. Therefore, the steel industry is required to show and at the same time demonstrate the worth formation possible of their approaches to the worldwide monetary society. Increase in the concealed possession and commercial awareness has offered assiststance to the steel corporations to function outside countrywide limitations and optimize their possessions organizations in the European background, focusing construction mainly in superior worth creations that are added. Over a number of years, the European steel makers have combined productions, exchanged possessions, cooperative undertaking, easing unity of the European steel industry (Metal Bulletin Research p. 1). In the opening new Challenges in the industry, if continued at present circumstances, the company’s improvement is likely to put additional damage on the energy, carbon dioxide and on our ecological trail in universally and also the raw material possessions. Other challenges that come about in this steel industry will be due to the high anticipation on the increase of energy stipulation. Therefore, the demand in energy will add to with about 60 % amid 2002 and 2030. In excess of 66% of the augment in global power stipulation amid 2002 and 2030 is likely to originate from those nations that are on the rise. Such countries are particularly in Asia. Also China counts for over 20% of the entire augment (Metal Bulletin Research p. 1). In the enhancement of the carbon dioxide confrontation, there is a likeliness of ArcelorMittal decreased carbon dioxide emanations by over 20% since 1990, through scientific expansion and reservations. Therefore this consequence surpasses the European Kyoto target by about two and half times. Although there is still much further development to comprehend as steel creation in countries, for instance like the CIS or China has a much higher carbon dioxide emanation speed, up to two times the heights which are allowed in, North America and Western Europe (The European Steel Industry 2001 p. 6. ). Despite all the challenges, there is no jeopardy of shortage, although a number of features are likely to lead to a good deal of lower quality resources. There are also, steel corporations that offer protection to their enduring supplies through upright incorporation. Since 1999, there has been an increase in the stipulation in the world steel steadily. Nevertheless, this augmentation has been in acceleration since 2002 and has symbolized up to around 50 million tones additional yearly. In 2003, there was an increase in the world steel expenditure increased by about 6. 6% measuring up to 2002, and additional enhancement by 6% in 2004 and 5% in 2005 were in expectation (Directorate Science, Technology And Industry p. 2). This strong rush in the consumption of steel is as a consequence of the spectacular acceleration of familial steel in terms of its stipulations in China where there has been an average of 2. 6% yearly steel consumption that had been increasing by over the time 1995 to 2000. This augmentation has been by some 25% yearly ever since 2001 and there is an anticipated growth which is likely to take place at a rate which is a very fast pace also in both 2004 and 2005. In comparison to this, there was a decline in the consumption of steel in the rest of the world by 4. 2% in 2001 and since then there has been an annual rate of 2. % (Directorate Science, Technology And Industry p. 2). There was a turn down in the steel expenditure OECD region by 0. 5% in 2003, which was a total difference to the year 2002. This therefore, gave an indication of an 8. 9% reduction in North America that counterbalanced a 2. 6% add to in Europe and a 4. 5% augmentation in the Asian-Pacific region. Due to the bett er economic conditions in the region during 2004, the steel expenses in the OECD were anticipated to rise by nearly 3%, with the North American as the promotion grasped most of the augmentation (+5. 7%) and more reasonable increase in Europe (+2. %) and Asia (+1. 3%). Therefore, the tendency was anticipated to persist also in 2005 (Directorate Science, Technology And Industry p. 2). Other many challenges that are facing the steel industry, include, the increase in the considerable steel prices that has led to more generation of profit in the industry of steel. However this has also led to the reduction in the limitations due to the spectacular add to in prices of raw materials and shipment. There are also some jeopardizes of the scarcity for scrap and coke that help in the process of manufacturing steel. Therefore, the important enlargement in prices of most steel creations at the commencement of 2004 created troubles for many industries that were consumed steel (The European Steel Industry 2001 p. 3. ) There was an expectation that, as the cost of the raw materials begged off within that year, there was anticipation that the cost of steel was likely to stay put at comparatively high heights for the rest of that year. In common with the augmentation in the cost of the raw material, there was a dramatic increase in the transportation costs. Also there was an increase in the contract charges for huge vessels which augmented fourfold in a single years, as of 17 000 $/day in January 2003 to 68 000 $/day in early 2004. However afterwards, the rates of shipment began to decline and were likely continue with the decline taking into consideration the limitations on loaning that was introduced by the Chinese administration in order to deliberate the expansion (Directorate Science, Technology And Industry p. 2). In the current years, the opening between aptitude and manufacture condensed. This lessening in the past few years was mainly significant in the OECD region, where steel-manufacturing aptitude had confirmed a net decrease of about 41. 5 million tones, or 6. 7%; a further net reduction of some 15 million tones which was anticipated by 2005. In the NIS, most of the outdated unproductive surplus aptitude has been blocked. Though, with the increase in the familial stipulation and a high level of exports, a number of innovative capacities are anticipated to come on stream in the near prospect. Also pressure and complexities in raw substance markets lasted up to the end of 2005, by which time alterations that were expected by contractors assist in the easing of the complexities (Directorate Science, Technology And Industry p. 2). There are also a number of challenges that are faced by the steel industry. They include, the steel market is experiencing a holding back in the stipulation. This is happening in both the restricted and worldwide face. Therefore, due to this, there are a number of smaller producers who are really far prolonged with arrears, and are taking damage. At that height of the promotion, there are clear indications of the effects of the deceleration. There are a number of key reasons that are accountable for the turn down of the stipulation in the steel industry. The initial cause is the rate of interest indecision that has put anxiety on the customer expenditure, in general. There is also a condensed customer expense that has affected all industries to some level (Woodley, et al p. 6). As there is reduction in the expenditure of the customers in the chain value, there is a reduction in the volumes and profits of the retailers and, in turn, the contractors and manufacturers. This clearly indicates that once there is talk in the reduction of the interest rate, there is a likeliness of the opinions of people turning positive hence leading to more expenditure from the customers. The other reason that has led to the economic deceleration is the international sub prime, which commenced in the US and has been making effect throughout the monetary markets globally. Therefore, there is anticipation since the nation is still waiting to see if it will get affected. Therefore, the impact of the US hold back is likely to be insightful and it is important for the world to work through it and the extremes of the precedent (Woodley, et al p. 6). Conclusion The steel industry has had a number of challenges that have had a great impact in the sector hence lowering its income. They include, the steel market experiencing a holding back in the stipulation. This is happening in both the restricted and worldwide face. Therefore, from the observation, there is a clear indication that the steel industry had had it all in terms of its economy, demand and supply. There is a likeliness of the company observing an augmentation in its stipulation for all cold-rolled, thin measure stainless steel. This is because the cookery facilities are generally among the last things to be improved prior to any event like that (Woodley, et al p. 8). Therefore, in spite of the recession experienced in universally, there is likeliness that there has been fragmentation in the stainless steel market, as the tank-tainer promotion explodes in harsh contrast with the rest of the industry. This kind of trend is not rare in the stainless steel industry in addition to the carbon steel industry. This is because the possessions have got an extensive variety of submissions together with their duration of use on many potentially contradictory markets. Therefore, there is a possibility of a number of divisions in the promotion showing an improvement while others indicate a recession. Therefore, this is not a bad thing in the industry of steel though the most important thing is for the steel market to be prepared for the challenges Woodley, et al p. 6) Work cited â€Å"Analysis of economic indicators of the EU metals industry: the impact of raw materials and energy supply on competitiveness. † European Commission, 2006 â€Å"Challenges and Opportunities of Steel industry† 2005. 31March 209 http://www. arabsteel. info/total/long_editor_last_e. asp? ID=18 Dirctorate Science, Technology And Industry. â€Å"Recent Steel Market Developments† 2004. 31March 2009 http://www. oecd. org/dataoecd/34/48/32366875. pdf. Metal Bulletin Research, Steelmaking Raw Materials Monthly Issue 146, July 2008 â€Å"Steel Industry and the Environment, Technical and Management Issues. † IISI and UNEP Technical Report No. 38. 1997. The European Steel Industry: â€Å"Restructuring in an Era of Globalization† 2001. http://www. hatch. ca/consulting/knowledge_base/Articles/THE%20EUROPEAN%20STEEL%20INDUSTRY%20RESTRUCTURING. pdf. Woodley, David Wilkes, Alan. â€Å"European Stainless Steel Industry Faces Fundamental Restructuring† 1998. 31March 2009 http://www. hatch. ca/Consulting/Knowledge_Base/Articles/European%20Stainless%20Steel. pdf How to cite Challenges Faced by the Steel Industry, Essay examples

The Sioux Indian Tribe Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Sioux Indian Tribe Essay, Research Paper The Sioux Indian Tribe Food The Sioux would run most of their nutrient. Chiefly they ate cervid because the lived in the Dakota countries and Minnesota, they besides hunted American bisons when they were pushed more into the West by their rival folks. But normally lived on little game, cervid, and wild rice. They like to eat berries such as black berry and veggies such as Spinacia oleracea leaves, and peas. They ate nuts that grew on pine trees called pinion nuts. But like most Indians they used every thing from the nutrient. The Sioux were great framers and scavenger. They framed maize and scavenger wild rice, and roots. Language The linguistic communication of the Sioux was one of the biggest thing in there folk, because when the would utilize idiom, to pass on they changed the manner the normally would talk in the Sisseton, a Wahpeton, were the original seven council words, and these are the seven all right words, to cognize the Sioux Chiefs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Sioux Indian Tribe Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When some of the folks moved south and west, there were alterations in idiom and traditional imposts. Three divisions are now recognized by most governments as the Santee ( Isanyati, inhabitant at the Knife Lake ) , the Middle Dakota, and the Teton. The three idioms are Dakota, Nakota and Lakota. Dakota and Lakota are still widely used, but the Nakota idiom is about out of usage. Beginning of the Name The word # 8220 ; Sioux # 8221 ; was given to all of them by the Gallic who had corrupted the name # 8220 ; Nataweiwak # 8221 ; from the Chippewa. The Chippewa word referred to the Sioux as enemies and meant # 8220 ; enemy # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; snake # 8221 ; . This name was given to them when they resided in the western Great Lakes part. The name they called themselves was # 8220 ; Dakota # 8221 ; which means # 8220 ; friend # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; ally # 8221 ; . The Great Sioux State # 8220 ; Our state is runing off like the snow on the sides of the hills where the Sun is warm, he one time told the white, while your people are like blades of grass in the spring when summer is coming. # 8221 ; Red Cloud Other Information You Care To Share + In 1750 the Sioux comprised of some 30000 people steadfastly established in the heartland of the northern Great Plains, they dominated that part for the following century. + Harmonizing to old Sioux traditions, a immature adult male must gain his grownup name before courtship. + To pull a adult female, he might do a musical instrument from a birds wing or a piece of wood. He played the instrument to affect the miss he loved. + During the Battle of Wounded Knee in 1890, over 300 Sioux Indians were killed. + The set council was the chief governmental organic structure in the Sioux cantonments. Each cantonment had a courier to denote the determinations that the council voted on. + In 1870 Red Cloud journeyed to Washington D.C. eight times to negociate Sioux involvements. + The bird of Jove plumes on a war bonnet signified Acts of the Apostless of make bolding and bravery in a conflict. + One Lodge like theirs could last for 7-8 old ages. + To go a akicita ( lodge soldiers ) you had to be a warrior and killed, scalped an enemy or deliver a friend. It was all so impressive if he refrained from talking to adult females. ( except his sister ) Until he had completed all these Acts of the Apostless of bravery. + If you were able to travel in and out of an enemy s cantonment circle, he was awarded a warbonnet. If you frightened the game on a war Hunt you were whipped and your tepee and belongs were cut to pieces Male/Female Roles In the Sioux Tribe male and females had every bit of import functions. Each individual had set responsibilities and accomplished them daily, this is what kept the household unit together and made things run swimmingly. The male function consistent of chiefly supplying and protecting the household. The male childs were trained to run, be fuss-budgets or in some instances medicine work forces. The work forces made all of the arms for runing or war and the adult females did non touch these points. Equally far as supplying for the household he was besides expected to get married his brother # 8217 ; s married woman and take attention of her household if his brother died. The adult female function in the folk was really of import. Girls were trained to fix the shelter and gather nutrient. Besides she was responsible for doing and caring for the shelter. Pulled hastes, cut wood, gathered wild rice, cut grass, cookery, tanned teguments, made and repaired mocassins and vesture, made mats, dug roots, and dressed meats were besides the adult females s occupation. The married woman was the owne R of the Lodge and if the juncture arose, she could throw her hubby out. The adult females of the folk were good treated and extremely honored because she did all the work except runing, fishing, and combat. Together work forces and adult females shared jobs, such as doing cradles, paddles, canoes, bowls and spoons. There was really small quarreling in the households. Celebrated Persons One of the most celebrated individual in the Sioux Nation is Red Cloud. He was a great leader and a interesting individual. Harmonizing to one narrative a meteorite roared over Sioux district the dark he was born, go forthing a test of ruddy clouds behind it. Many Sioux babes born that winter were named Red Cloud. Another narrative claims that Red Cloud as a male child had his grampss name, Two Arrows. When he was about 19 old ages old, he led a Sioux war party in a conflict against an enemy folk. The Sioux warriors were have oning vermilion covers over their shoulders that twenty-four hours. As they swept down a hill side on their rushing ponies, they looked like an progressing ruddy cloud, and the scared enemy turned and fled. Red Cloud was the first Indian to contend and win the white people. But after the civil war, the white adult male came back and defended him and his military personnels. Myths Narrative OF THE PEACE PIPE Two immature work forces were out sauntering one dark speaking of love personal businesss. They passed around a hill and came to a small ravine or coulee. Suddenly they saw coming up from the ravine a beautiful adult female. She was painted and her frock was of the really finest stuff. # 8220 ; What a beautiful miss! # 8221 ; said one of the immature work forces. # 8220 ; Already I love her. I will steal her and do her my wife. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; No, # 8221 ; said the other. # 8220 ; Don # 8217 ; t harm her. She may be holy. # 8221 ; The immature adult female approached and held out a pipe which she foremost offered to the sky, so to the Earth and so advanced, keeping it out in her drawn-out custodies. # 8220 ; I know what you immature work forces have been stating ; one of you is good ; the other is wicked, # 8221 ; she said. She laid down the pipe on the land and at one time became a American bison cow. The cow pawed the land, stuck her tail straight out behind her and so lifted the pipe from the land once more in her hoofs ; instantly she became a immature adult female once more. # 8220 ; I am come to give you this gift, # 8221 ; she said. # 8220 ; It is the peace pipe. Hereafter all pacts and ceremonials shall be performed after smoking it. It shall convey peaceable ideas into your heads. You shall offer it to the Great Mystery and to fuss earth. # 8221 ; The two immature work forces ran to the small town and told. LEGEND OF STANDING ROCK A Dakota had married an Arikara adult female, and by her had one kid. By and by he took another married woman. The first married woman was covetous and pouted. When clip came for the small town to interrupt camp she refused to travel from her topographic point on the tent floor. The collapsible shelter was taken down but she sat on the land with her baby on her back The remainder of the cantonment with her hubby went on. At noon her hubby halted the line. # 8220 ; Go back to your sister-in-law, # 8221 ; he said to his two brothers. # 8220 ; Tell her to come on and we will expect you here. But hasten, for I fear she may turn desperate and kill herself. # 8221 ; The two rode off and arrived at their former bivouacing topographic point in the eventide. The adult female still sat on the land. The older radius: # 8220 ; Sister-in-law, acquire up. We have come for you. The cantonment awaits you. # 8221 ; She did non reply, and he put out his manus and touched her caput. She had turned to lapidate! The two brothers lashed their ponies and came back to cantonment. They told their narrative, but were non believed. # 8220 ; The adult female has killed herself and my brothers will non state me, # 8221 ; said the hubby. However, the whole small town broke cantonments and came back to the topographic point where they had left the adult female. Certain plenty, she sat there still, a block of rock. The Indians were greatly excited. They chose out a fine-looking pony, made a new travois and placed the rock in the carrying cyberspace. Pony and travois were both attractively painted and decorated with streamers and colourss. The rock was thought # 8220 ; wakan # 8221 ; ( sanctum ) , and was given a topographic point of award in the centre of the cantonment. Whenever the cantonment moved the rock and travois were taken along. Thus the rock adult female was carried for old ages, and eventually brought to Standing Rock Agency, and now rests upon a brick base in forepart of the Agency office. From this rock Standing Rock Agency derives its name.

How to Pronounce Deng Xiaoping

How to Pronounce Deng Xiaoping In this article, we will look at how to pronounce Deng Xiaoping (é‚“å ° Ã¥ ¹ ³), the name of one of the most important politicians in China during the previous century and one of the main forces behind Chinas economic development. Below, I will first give you a quick and dirty way if you just want to have a rough idea of how to pronounce the name. Then I’ll go through more detailed description, including the analysis of common learner errors. Pronouncing Deng Xiaoping if You Don't Know Any Mandarin Chinese names usually consist of three syllables, with the first being the family name and the last two the personal name. There are exceptions to this rule, but it holds true in a vast majority of cases. Thus, there are three syllables we need to deal with. Deng - Pronounce as dang, but replace a with the e in theXiao - Pronounce as sh plus yow- in yowlPing - Pronounce as ping If you want to have a go at the tones, they are falling, low and rising respectively. Note: This pronunciation is not correct pronunciation in Mandarin. It represents my best effort to write the pronunciation using English words. To really get it right, you need to learn some new sounds (see below). How to Actually Pronounce Deng Xiaoping If you study Mandarin, you should never ever rely on English approximations like those above. Those are meant for people who dont intend to learn the language! You have to understand the orthography, i.e. how the letters relate to the sounds. There are many traps and pitfalls in Pinyin you have to be familiar with. Now, lets look at the three syllables in more detail, including common learner errors: Dà ¨ng  (fourth tone): The first syllable rarely causes serious problems for speakers of English. The only things you should pay attention to is the initial, which is unaspirated and unvoiced. The vowel sound is a relaxed central sound close to the schwa in English the.  Ã‚  XiÇŽo  (third tone): This syllable is the hardest of the three. The x sound is produced by putting the tongue tip just behind the lower teeth and then pronouncing an s, but slightly further back than a normal s. You can also try to say shhh as when telling someone to be quiet, but place your tongue tip behind the lower teeth. The final isnt all that difficult and sounds close to what I mentioned above (yowl minus the l).  Pà ­ng (second tone): This syllable is relatively close to the English word with the same spelling. It has slightly more aspiration on the p and sometimes have an added, light schwa (central vowel) between the i and the ng (this is optional). The are some variations for these sounds, but Deng Xiaoping (é‚“å ° Ã¥ ¹ ³)  can be written like this in IPA: [təŋ É•jÉ‘ÊŠ pÊ °iÅ‹] Conclusion Now you know how to pronounce Deng Xiaoping (é‚“å ° Ã¥ ¹ ³). Did you find it hard? If you’re learning Mandarin, dont worry; there arent that many sounds. Once you’ve ​learned the most common ones, learning to pronounce words (and names) will become much easier!

ACT Test Information Release Should You Order It

ACT Test Information Release Should You Order It SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re hoping to find out more information about your ACT scores or use your test as a study aid, you should think about ordering Test Information Release. I’ll go through what’s included in TIR, why you should strongly consider ordering it, and how to order it for your test. What Is Test Information Release? Test Information Release is essentially an all-access guide to your ACT scores.You can order it during registration or up to three months after you take the test, and it costs $20. Here’s what you get for your money: A copy of the multiple choice test questions A list of your answers The answer key If you took the writing portion, you also get a copy of the essay prompt and essay scoring guidelines along with your essay scores You will also receive information about ordering a photocopy of your answer sheet (and essay, if you took the ACT with Writing) for an additional fee.Test Information Release is only offered for the December, April and June ACT test dates at national test centers. Unfortunately, on other dates there is no comparable service offered by the ACT, so if you want to review your scores in-depth you should stick to those test dates. Reasons to Order Test Information Release There are several reasons you might order TIR as a supplement to your regular score report, including its usefulness for future studying and its clarification of the mistakes you made on the test. Reason #1: It’s a Great Studying Tool! If you’re planning on taking the ACT more than once, Test Information Release is an excellent resource. It allows you toreview the test questions and analyze your mistakes to avoid repeating them next time you take the test.Focusing on the mistakes you made in a real test environment will increase the efficiency of your prep time. The ACT says on the order form for TIR that â€Å"you should not expect to receive [your TIR materials] before the registration deadline or in time to study for the next test date.†But if you’re not planning on taking the test on the very next date(or if you are but you think you might take it a third time later), TIR can be super useful as a study guide. Reason #2: You Got a Score You Didn’t Expect and Want to Review Your Answers in More Detail If you’re stumped by your ACT score, ordering Test Information Release can help you make sense of what happened.With full access to the questions, it’s more likely that you will remember why you made certain mistakes. If you believe an error was made in the scoring process and are considering going a step further and ordering Hand Scoring for the ACT, you should order TIR first.Hand Scoring means that a real human from the ACT will review your answers to see whether there was a mistake in the scantron scoring process.This is relatively expensive ($45 for multiple choice or essay, $90 for both), so you should make sure you have a good reason to do it. Test Information Release will either confirm or deny your suspicions about your score based on whether you remember answering questions the way it says you did on your score report. With TIR, you get to be your own ACT detective! Don't get too excited. How to Order Test Information Release As mentioned above, if you already know you want to order Test Information Release before you sign up for the ACT, you can order it along with your original registration (check the TIR box during online registration).You should receive your materials four weeks after your scores are released.If you order TIR after the test, your order has to be postmarked within three months of the test date.You must send the form and check via snail mail.Here is a link to the form. Mail the form, along with a check for $20 made out to ACT, to this address: ACT Test Information ReleasePO Box 4008Iowa City, IA 52243-4008 You should expect to receive your materials three to five weeks after you send in the order form.Remember, you can only order TIR if you test on official dates in December, April, or June at a national ACT test center. What's Next? Still not sure whether you should retake the ACT? Here's a quick guideto help you decide. Or are you just trying to find the right test date for your situation? Learn more about when you should take the ACT. Use this guide to figure out your target ACT score so you have a goal in mind for the next time you take the test! If you're looking for tips on specific sections, take a look at these articles on how to earn the best scores on each section of the test. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Evelyn monologue Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evelyn monologue - Coursework Example Am paying for all my deeds. I should be ashamed of my deeds. I let her down, I disregarded the fact that she is now a grown up and not a child any more. But come to think of it, how did she discover? It must have been my mother. Yeah its my mother who told her about my past. How could she. Thanks to her I have lost the only thing I had in the world, no husband, my daughter is gone now, I have no one. I wish I had been more open to her as she grew up. This could not have happened at all. If only I had let in on the truth, things could have been easier for her to handle. I can only imagine the shock she had when she finally heard the truth. If I had worked hard to build a relationship with Faith, if only I was a good mother. I regret the times I did not come home until late at night. I should have made more time for her, to talk to her to share her fears and let her see the world through my eyes. I should have known one day this would happen and I would not have a second chance at doing these things. I should have given my mother so much freedom to talk to my daughter, Faith; look where it has put all of us. I remember my childhood with tears I never had enough time with my parents. They were ever out working; making sure we had a roof over our head and food on our table. My perception of the world was through my friends. Who used to mock me for being Jewish. I heard that part of my life for my daughter, with the aim of protecting her. I did not want her to be mocked by other children, the way it happened to me. No one would want their children to experience prejudicism that is why I did my best at keep that side of me away from my daughter, I thought the less that she knew the better it would have been for her. After having spent so little time with my mother during my childhood, I decided to let her move in with me so we could at least try to catch up. However, this was never to be, we are like strangers. All she does is to meddle in my

Murder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Murder - Essay Example However, it is a fact in criminal law, that the â€Å"criminal intent† or the â€Å"mens rea† of the offender to be convicted for the commission of any of the crimes under the Code requires a different degree of culpability which is dependent on the nature of the crime. Hence, the elements of these two crimes are to be treated differently. The issue that presented before us now that needs to be resolved is: The Mens rea for murder is too narrow in certain respects and too wide in others. The fault element for involuntary manslaughter is simply too wide. To differentiate these two crimes, first thing that needs to be done is to identify the elements for the commission of each of the crimes. We start with the crime of Murder. Alan W. Norrie has reported that for the crime of murder, the case of R. V. Woolin 1 should be highlighted as the basis of defining the intention of the accused. â€Å"In this case, the House has rejected the conclusion of the Court of Appeal that f oresight of a substantial risk of death or serious bodily harm could in certain circumstances be an â€Å"alternative mens rea† that can quality to intention of the accused†. While in the case of R. V. ... However, there exists a conflict in the Woolin case which leaves the test for the criminal intention too specific. In the event that in the future a crime of murder is committed, the victim or his family shall be prejudiced by the conviction of the criminal to a lesser offence, carrying with it a lesser penalty because of non-compliance with the attendant circumstances as stated in the Woolin case, to make him liable for murder. Thus, it gives the criminal the privilege to demand for a lesser penalty and escape a portion of the imprisonment. Moreover, there are two issues which are left unanswered by the Woolin case, which concern the moral basis for convicting a criminal for murder. In one, the foresight of virtual certainty may be regarded as morally under-inclusive, while in the other, it is over-inclusive. These problems, relating to issues of good and bad motive, originated from the unstable moral core at the heart of mens rea, which the dominant subjectivist approach ignores at its peril.5 The principle laid down by Woolin case caused quite a stir because foreseeability and intention are the elements used to prove the degree of culpability of the offender. The terms â€Å"direct† and â€Å"indirect intention† are given their conservative meanings of â€Å"purpose, aim or object† and â€Å"necessary means to an end or side-effect foreseen as virtually certain to occur whether desired or not†. The argument of Norrie is that in the â€Å"process of legal and moral judgment in the criminal law, these terms cannot be fully separated from broader issues of â€Å"motive† or â€Å"ulterior intention†, understood as the moral backdrop to the intentions that are formed, and generally seen as irrelevant to culpability†6. Therefore, if the

Factors Affecting Buildability of Building Designs

Factors Affecting Buildability of Building Designs Buildability is increasingly become a major requirement in building construction practice. The aim of buildability is use to improve the efficiency of overall building process by developing construction sensitive designs. Nowadays, in Malaysia construction industry, there have facing a lot of problem that will impede the project to process smoothly. In this research, it will highlight what buildability is. Through this we can deeply understand what buildability is and how important it was in the construction industry. Moreover, in this research, we wish to find out and identify the buildability attributes in building design in Malaysia construction industry. There are many buildability attributes have affecting in the building design. If the constructions proceed without a good buildability management, it will bring many problems to the project. So in this research, besides that identifying the buildability attributes, we also wish to find out the importance level for each of these attributes. AIM This report are aim to find out the factors that affect buildability of building design in the Malaysian construction industry. OBJECTIVE In order to achieve the aim of the report, the following are the objectives of this research To study what is buildability and factors may affect it in building design To find out and identify the buildability attributes in building design in the Malaysian construction industry To measure the level of importance of different buildability attributes Research Methodology Literature Review The purpose of the literature review is given us to understanding what buildability in the construction industry is and how important it was. This research methodology may include definitions, ideas and practices of related topics. Besides that, we can study and review to the relevant books, journals, internet and etc., as known as secondary data, that related to the topic buildability. Through those review sources, the important point will be noted down and convenience for us to writing the literature review. The below are showing that the literature search that will be carried out:- Define the definition of buildability/ constructability Define the principle and concept of buildability/ constructability Determine the factor affecting buildability in building design in construction Determine the building attributes and the level of importance for each attribute Questionnaire Questionnaire is recommended as one of the research method, because it is easier for analyzing the data, economical and the hypothesis can be tested. Questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and/or in difference grouping for the purpose of gathering the information from respondents. To gain more information of this research, copies of questionnaire will be sent out to the construction companies and they are needed to express their opinions based on their experience. In this questionnaire, there are empty spaces provide for the respondents to giving their comment or suggest other building attributes which are not included. This questionnaire will target to the professionals such as architect, engineer, project manager, quantity surveyor and others in the contractor industry firm in Malaysia. From the research title, to determine the level of importance of buildability attributes in this research, the classification of the rating scales is used. The questionnaire is based on LIKERT SCALE format. It is a widely used instrument in measuring opinions. A likert item is simply a statement which the respondent is asked to evaluate according to any kind of subjective or objective criteria and generally the level of agreement or disagreement is measured. 5 point likert scale being used as it may produce slightly higher mean scores relative to the highest attainable score. This will be carried out in the final stage of research methodology. The results/ comments get from the respondents will be analyze and present in table or graph in order to provide a clearer view of overall research with writing up the contents of the dissertation. Besides this, analysis and interpretation would be done to gather all the information and data. DISSERTATION ORGANIZATION Chapter 1- Introduction Chapter 1 provides an introduction of the chapter that giving a brief about our proposal. In this chapter it includes introduction/ background, problem statement, aim, objectives, research methodology and working program for the dissertation. Chapter 2 Literature Review Through the review of literature/ articles related to our research topic the important point will be written in this chapter. Journals, books and information from the internet will be the source of the information or data to doing this buildability title dissertation. This chapter are aim to provide a main picture of the knowledge to us before the research is carried out. Chapter 3 Research Design and Methodology Questionnaire will be designed based on the objective and information that we want to find out. These questionnaires will be sent to different construction industry companies in Malaysia to collect data to conduct next step of dissertation. Chapter 4 Data Analysis and Results Discussions The collected information from the respondents will be evaluated and analyzed in table or graph with explanation. Chapter 5 Conclusions This chapter will conclude and recommend the overall results of the survey for further research. REFERENCES Crowther,.P. Design For Buildability and The Deconstruction Consequences, Design for Deconstruction and Materials Reuse, CIB Publication 272. Lam, P.T.I., Wong, F.K.W., Wong, F.W.H. 2007. Building features and site-specific factors affecting buildability in Hong Kong, Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, Vol 5, No 2. Mydin S.H., Zin R.M., Majid M.Z.A, Zahidi M. and Memon A.H. 2011. Buildability Attributes at Design Phase In Malaysian Building Construction, International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 1. Wong, F.W.H, Lam, P.T.I, Chan, E.H.W. and Wong F.K.W. 2006. Factors Affecting Buildability of Building Design, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 33.7, pg 79 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW INTRODUCTION Buildability or constructability has a huge area of study and it was very important in a construction industry. The aim of these literature reviews are to study and highlight the area that the buildability attributes that may affect the building design in Malaysia construction industry. The first reviews that will focus in this chapter are definition of buildability, then coming up with the principles and concepts of buildability which have defined by different countries. Moreover, this review also focuses on the factors that may affect the buildability by identify the buildability attributes in building design. BUILDABILITY/CONSTRUCTABILITY DEFINITION OF BUILDABILITY Since the buildability is important in the construction industry, so there are many researchers from different countries has identified and defined buildability based on their studies. Based on the several articles study and resources, it found that the one of the widely definition that can be accepted which is define by the Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA), 1983, it stated that the buildability is the extent to which the design of a building facilitates ease of construction, subject to the overall requirements for the completed building (Wong, Lam, Chan and Wong, 2006B.p. 796). Besides the definition defined by CIRIA, there also have another definition which was founded with specific aim of improving the construction total quality management and the overall cost effectiveness and defined as constructability is the effective and timely integration of construction knowledge into the conceptual planning, design, construction and field operation of a project to achieve the overall project objectives in the best possible time and accuracy at the most cost-effective level by Construction Industry Institute (as known as CII) in year 1986 (Wong, et.al, 2006B.p. 796). According to The Construction Industry in Australia (CIIA), Griffith and Sidwell (1997), has defined constructability as a system to integrate if construction knowledge in the project delivery process and balancing the various project and environmental constraints to achieve the project goals and building performance at the optimal level.(Wong, et.al, 2006B.p. 796) Buildability Performance Research Group (BPRG), Chen and McGeorge (1994), defined buildability as the extent to which decisions, made during the whole building procurement process, ultimately facilitate the ease of construction and the quality of the completed project which buildability as a management to goals the project by recognize the factors affected the project (Eng, 2002.p. 117). In the other hand, there are other researchers have derived their own definitions based on their studying in buildability, such as:- Ferguson (1989); buildability was defined as the ability to construct a building efficiently economically and to agreed quality levels from its constituent materials, components and sub-assemblies (Wong, et.al, 2006B.p. 796.) Williams (1982); buildability was defined as the most economic and efficient way of putting a building together.(Yang, 2004) Illingworth (1984); buildability was defined as a design and details which recognize the assembly process in achieving the desired result safety and at least cost to the client.(Yang, 2004) In year 1996, Moore has modified the definition defined by Illingworth as a design philosophy, which is recognizes and addresses the problems of the assembly process in achieving the construction of the design product, both safety and without resort to standardization or project level simplification.(Yang, 2004) Lueprasert (1996), constructability has defined as an important characteristic of structural design and site conditions of construction project which determines the level of complexity of executing the correlative structural assembly tasks.(Yang, 2004) Moreover, there are few researchers believed that constructability are significantly different with buildability. The differences between buildability and constructability are that buildability is a design-oriented concept but constructability is concern the whole project processing. But also have some researchers thought that there are no difference between buildability and constructability, the only is buildability is usually used in UK and constructability is often used in USA. (Yang, 2004) PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS OF BUILDABILITY According to Eng, (2002, p. 112), Buildability or Constructability has been used and evolved in the construction management in the late 1970s in United Kingdom, but its potential was not been fully exploited in construction industry at the time. Nowadays, buildability is increasingly become an integral part of the construction industry in many countries because it was a technique used to manage the construction process during the pre-construction stage. According to Low et.al, (2008), buildability aim is to ensure the impacts of design details are recognized and considered in the earlier stage to reduce and/or prevent errors, delays and allows a cost control to the overall project others. Together with this, it will enhance the productivity and competitiveness of the industry. Moreover, Low study also stated the summarized of buildability principles that defined by some researchers such as Adams (1989), Ferguson (1989), Gray (1984), Griffith and Sidwell (1995), Tatum (1987) and other s as shown as below:- Efficiency and economical building production; to ensure efficient and economical production of a building, a logical organization of the sequence of assembly is necessary. The building organization must ensure continuity of construction work by having food management due to labors, machineries and materials delivery to achieve this principle (OConnor, 1985). Simplicity; this principles saying that the designers of the project must try to produce the simplest possible details compatible with the overall requirement for the building especially for the buildings group of elements (Ferguson, 1989; Bishop, 1985). Tolerance Level; the building design should recognize its tolerances which are normally attainable under site conditions. Different the materials and components used on site have its different composition and different jointing methods required. Therefore, practical level of tolerance adopted is necessary for the materials and components (Ferguson, 1989). Innovation; use any innovative ideas that can enhance the buildability of a project. The contractor should try to bring in new machineries or methods of working that can improve the productivity and allow construction process more efficiency. Before bring in the ideas, consideration of the level of skills available in industry is required. (Tatum, 1987). Proper scheduling; a good scheduling of works may allow construction proceed smoothly and right on track. The construction sequence should be practical to allow for a continuous flow of work to minimize delays of works (Gugel and Russell, 1994). Repetition and standardization; to reduce time consuming for constructions, the building elements should be design that encourages appropriate repetition and standardization, it may help to reduce cost, risk and error by using readily and standard items in construction (Adams, 1989; Ferguson, 1989). Participation and communication; project team members with relevant knowledge should be encourage to participate all level of construction. They can give their opinion and suggestion during early planning stage to reduce problem in future. Clear project information should be planned and coordinated to suit the construction process and facilitate the best possible communication and understanding on site (Fischer and Tatum, 1997). Avoid damage by subsequent works; the design should enable the works that carried out will not have risk of damage due to adjacent finished elements and with minimum requirements for special protection. This would reduce the need for return visits to site to repair damage. By doing few times checking to the completed works is better to reduce the project completion period (OConnor and Tucker, 1986). (Source: Low et.al, 2008) McGeorge and Palmer (1997) have identified that buildability and constructability is the only management concept to have been designed and developed by the construction industry (Eng, 2002). This is because they think that the separation of designs and construction processes is unique to the construction industry. Eng also mentioned that the report in early 1960s, division between the process of design and construction was recognized as contributing to inefficiencies throughout the construction industry. (Eng, 2002).Emmerson (1962) has identified that insufficient documentation before tender, inefficient pre-contract design procedures and lacks of communication among the architects, consultants and contractors appointed are the factors that cause the problem occurred (Eng, 2002). Moreover, Banwell, (1964) suggested that the contractor who is too far from the design stage for his specialized knowledge can be participate in traditional contracting situation. (Eng, 2002.p. 111).In the o ther hand, Banwell report also highlighted that the complexities of modern construction and its requirement for specialized techniques demand that the design process and the construction stage should not be regarded as separate fields of activity. (Eng, 2002.p. 111) EVOLUTION OF BUILDABILITY/CONSTRUCTABILITY CONCEPT Through different groups of researchers, a number of stages in the evolution of the buildability or constructability concept are been identified and related to research efforts in different parts (Eng, 2002). According to Eng (2002) study, it shows the groups of researchers from different countries that have evaluated the evolution of buildability/constructability, which are: Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA); UK Construction Industry Institute (CII); USA Construction Industry Institute of Australia (CIIA) Building Performance Research Group (BPRG); University of Newcastle in Australia In the early research taken by CIRIA and UK researches, they regarded that buildability is problem that arose from the division between builders and designers; led researchers to focus on technical issue and site and construction planning (Gray, 1983; Adam, 1989; Ferguson, 1989). (Eng, 2002.p. 112) Besides that, Eng stated that most industry researchers and commentators are tended to see buildability as a function that is within the influence or control of the designer. Illingworth (1984) has suggested that the problem of buildability was become deteriorate because the designers and professional team are resented contractors involve and giving their opinions during the design stage.(Eng, 2002.p. 112) In addition, CII had used industry case studies to investigate the constructability problem in construction industry to allow the researchers to understanding the issues. This carried out the understanding of different stages of project life cycle which would relate to different issues in constructability (Eng, 2002). Furthermore, CIIA also used the case studies to enable a holistic perspective to be maintained. CIIA have proposed 12 principles would be relevant with different emphases due to the different project life cycle. For BPRG at University of Newcastle in Australia, they started with conceptualize the buildability problem as one that derived from a complex system and they proposed that the concepts of buildability is needed to recognize the factors in a project environment which may affected in the design process, construction process and the link between them (Eng, 2002). CIRIA RESEARCH IN BUILDABILITY The definition of buildability defined by CIRIA has shown at the above. Though that we know that CIRIA definition is focused between designs and construction; the factors has been implied which are solely within the influence or control of the design team those have a significant impact on the ease if construction of a project (Eng, 2002). The concept was recognized as an issue within an integrated design management context. A good buildability are formed based on a building design, structure or other which had been consider in the construction phase with emphasis on the method of construction, activities, sequence of works and way incorporated into the overall design (Eng, 2002). In additional, Eng study had showing the 16 guiding principles for achieving buildability which was identified and developed by Adams (1989), CIRIA, as below:- Investigate thoroughly Consider accessibility at the design stage Consider storage at design stage Design for early enclosure Design for minimum time below ground work Suitable materials use Consider for the local skill available Design for simple assembly Plan for maximize repetition and standardization Maximize the use of plant Allow for sensible tolerances Allow for a practical sequence of operations Plan to avoid change to work Avoid return visits on site; do it right in first time Safe construction design Clearly communication (Source: Adam, (Eng, 2002)) CONSTRUCTABILITY DEVELOPTMENT BY CII According to Eng (2002), has mentioned that CII used case studies to identify different of requirements for the planning stage (Tatum et.al, 1986), engineering and procurement phases of a project (OConnor et.al., 1986) and improvement of constructability that able to make during field operations (OConnor and Davis, 1988). In additional, they had identified and presented 6 concepts for the planning stage, 7 concepts for the design and procurement phase and 1 for field operations phase which showing below:- Conceptual Planning Stage Basic design approaches consider major construction methods Constructability programs are an integral part of project of project implementation plans Project planning requires construction knowledge and experience Early construction involvement in the development of contracting strategy Project schedules are construction sensitive Site layouts show efficient of construction Design and Procurement Stage Design for accessibility, materials and equipment Design for construction in adverse weather and remotes locations Design and procurement schedules are construction sensitive Design to enable efficient construction Design elements are standardize Construction and procurement efficiency are specifications developed Design for modularization to facilitate fabrication/transportation Field Operation Contractors use innovative methods (Source: Tatum et.al; OConnor et.al; OConnor and Davis; (Eng, 2002)) CONSTRUCTABILITY PRINCIPLES BY CIIA For CIIA, they have review to the work of CII, and some developed construction information within the Australian context (Eng, 2002). At the beginning, they are 17 principles are being identified and tested. In the other hand, more than twenty of the personnel who experienced in construction are given feedback due to this tested. Through the test, Constructability Principles File (CIIA, 1992) has shown 12 concepts of constructability to represent current best practice applicable over five projects life cycle stages, which are feasibility studies stage, conceptual design stage, details design stage, construction stage and post construction stage (Eng, 2002). The twelve principles espoused were:- PRINCIPLESÂ  DESCRIPTION Integration Constructability must be made an integral part of project plan. Construction Knowledge Project planning must actively involve construction knowledge and experience. Team Skills Project team must be appropriate for the project based on their experience, skills and etc. Corporate Objectives Project team understanding against clients corporate and project objective to improve constructability. Available Resources Technology use in design solution must be matched with the skills and resources available. External factors External factors might affect the cost and program of the project. Program of project Overall project program must be realistic and have the commitment of the project team. Construction Methodology Construction methodology must be considered in project design. Accessibility Constructability will be improved if accessibility is considered good in the design stage of project. Specifications Constructability improved when efficiency considered in specification development. Construction innovation Constructability improved when innovation techniques is used Feedback Post construction analysis is undertaken to allow constructability can be enhanced on future projects Table Principles by CIIA (Francis and Sidwell (Eng, 2002)) CONSTRUCTABILITY CONCEPTS BY MALAYSIAN RESEARCHER According to Nawi, Kamar, Lee, Hamid, Abdullah, Haron and Ariff (2009), stated that in Malaysia, the constructability and buildability concepts established by the Construction Industry Institute (CII) and other relevant literature by CIRIA, (1983); Tatum, (1987); Adams, (1989); CII, (1993) and etc, there are 23 constructability concepts were formulated and presented by Nima, (2001) which use them to utilize a study in relation to the engineered construction phases. There are 7 concepts for conceptual planning phase, 8 concepts for design and procurement phase and 8 concepts for field operation phases which as follows:- C1-C7 (Project constructability enhancement during conceptual planning phase) Concept C1 the project constructability program should be discussed and documented within the project execution plan, through the participation of all project team members. Concept C2 a project team that includes representatives of the owner, engineer and contractor should be formulated and maintained to take the constructability issue into consideration from the outset of the project and through all of its phases. Concept C3 individuals with current construction knowledge and experience should achieve the early project planning so that interference between design and construction can be avoided. Concept C4 the construction methods should be taken into consideration when choosing the type and the number of contracts required for executing the project. Concept C5 the master project schedule and the construction completion date should be construction-sensitive and should be assigned as early as possible. Concept C6 in order to accomplish the field operations easily and efficiently, major construction methods should be discussed and analyses in-depth as early as possible to direct the design according to these methods. Concept C7 site layout should be studies carefully so that construction, operation and maintenance proceed efficiently and avoid any interference between the operations performed during these phases. C8-C15 (Project constructability enhancement during design and procurement phases) Concept C8 design and procurement schedules should be dictated by construction sequence. Thus, the construction schedule must be discussed and developed prior to the design development and procurement schedule. Concept C9 advanced information technologies are important to any field including field of construction industry. The usage of those technologies could overcome the problem of fragmentation into specialized roles in this field, hence enhancing constructability. Concept C10 designs, with design simplification by designers and design review by qualified construction personnel must be configured to enable efficient construction. Concept C11 project elements should be standardized to an extent that will never affect the project cost negatively. Concept C12 the project technical specifications should be simplified and configured to achieve efficient construction without sacrificing the level or the efficiency of the project performance. Concept C13 the implementation of modularization and preassembly for project elements should be taken into consideration and studied carefully. Modularization and preassembly design should be prepared to facilitate fabrication, transportation and installation. Concept C14 project design should take into consideration the construction personnel, materials and equipment accessibility to the required position on-site. Concept C15 design should facilitate construction during adverse weather conditions. Great emphasis should be made to planning for the construction of the project under suitable weather conditions, but the designer must plan and take into consideration the project elements that could be prefabricated in workshops. C16-C23 (Project constructability enhancement during field operation phases) Concept C16 field task sequencing should be configured in order to minimize damages or rework of some project elements, minimize scaffolding needs, formwork used or congestion of construction personnel, material and equipment. Concept C17 innovation in temporary construction materials/systems, or implementing innovative ways of using available temporary construction materials/systems that have not been defined or limited by the design drawings and technical specifications will contribute positively to the enhancement of constructability. Concept C18 incorporating innovation of new methods in using off-the-shelf hand tools or modification of the available tools or introduction of a new hand tools that may reduce labour intensity, increase mobility, safety or accessibility will enhance constructability at the construction phase. Concept C19 introduction of innovative methods for using the available equipment or modification of the available equipment to increase their productivity will lead to a better constructability. Concept C20 in order to increase the productivity, reduce the need of scaffolding or improve the project constructability under adverse weather conditions, constructors should be encouraged to use any optional preassembly. Concept C21 constructability will be enhanced by encouraging the constructor to carry out innovation of temporary facilities. Concept C22 good contractors, based on quality and time, should be documented, so that contracts for future construction works would not be awarded based on low bits only, but by considering other project attributes. Concept C23 evaluation, documentation and feedback of the issues of the constructability concepts should be maintained throughout the project to be used in later projects as lessons learned. (Source: Nima el al, (Nawi, et.al, 2009)) Although there are many researchers from different countries have identified and presented their own principles and concepts, but the points they covered are almost the same. Through those principles and concepts, it showing the ways to help the construction to reduce its project time, error, cost by having a good buildability on manage overall project. ASSESSMENT OF DESIGNS FOR BUILDABILITY According to CIRC and Chiang et.al, has stated that the construction industries are continues to search out the ways to improve buildability, such as the use of prefabricated, standardized and modular components, as well as the adoption of alternative procurement methods (cited by Wong, Lam, Chan P.C. and Chan H.W., 2006), the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) in Singapore had introduced and published a Code of Practice on Buildabl